利弊类大作文，社会类话题
A recent survey shows that in many countries across the world people are generally living longer. But an increased life expectancy has many implications for the aging individuals and for the society as a whole. What are the possible effects of a longer life expectancy on individuals and the society?
题目来源：2021年1月21日大陆雅思大作文（重复2010年3月6日大陆考题）
题目大意
人们寿命增长。请问长寿现象对个人和社会影响如何？
思路解析
这是一道利弊类考题，是一道2010年的老题，题型问法比较少见，所以很多同学看到都有一些懵。但是仔细读题其实会发现，“长寿对于个人和社会的影响”，讨论影响无非就是好坏两种方向，所以本质上这就是利弊类的问法，
下面我们就一起来看下长寿对于个人和社会的利弊影响。
对于个人的好处有两部分，一是拥有更多时间能够陪伴家人，或是做更多自己想要做的事情，幸福感可能会有所提升；二是可能会拥有更高的威望和受到尊重，很多民族或地方都会把年长的老人视为睿智的象征或者拥有较高的身份地位。
对于个人的坏处在于可能会感到更加的孤独或生活不便。一个人虽然长寿，但是可能伴侣已经去世，子女也不在身边，导致多数时候只能一个人生活，这容易让人感到非常孤独。或者老人身体并不健康甚至有残疾，导致生活并不便利甚至难以生活自理。
对于社会来说，坏处是寿命延长意味着老年人口增多，进而会增加社会负担，具体呈现在两方面：经济和医疗。老年人因为不再劳动和产出，因此需要社会提供养老金等方式赡养，这会增加社会的经济压力。而老年人因为身体老化抵抗力下降，容易得各种疾病，因此需要更频繁的治疗和长期照顾，进而会占用更多的医疗资源。
对社会来说好处有两方面。一是相比较于以前平均寿命只有40年左右，现在寿命更长意味着一个人投入劳动的时间更多，进而整个社会的劳动力更充裕。二是诸如科学家之类的人才是非常宝贵的，他们的天赋和思想对于社会来说非常重要。寿命越长一方面意味着他们有更多时间和机会进行研究，这些研究成果可能会对社会有益，另一方面他们也有更多时间来传授他们的知识和思想，培养更多的人才。
提纲
范文示例
Today, it is a commonplace trend that life expectancy of human beings is becoming longer than ever before. While it is recognized as an optimistic prospect for individuals, I will say its potential repercussions for society deserve equal attention as well.
As for individuals, longevity is considered as a treasure and fortune. Undoubtedly, those who live longer can spend more time with their families or loved ones, whereas it is a pity if people pass away without enjoying pleasant twilight years. Another benefit we might have ignored is that wisdom is usually correlated with age: in many cultures, there is a conviction that elders are recognized as the manifestation of intelligence and civilization of a nation. One convincing example can be seen in China, where seniors are deemed well-informed and erudite.
However, the aforementioned benefits of aging are not justified enough to represent the entire picture – those focusing exclusively on the blessings of longevity are oblivious to its potential pitfalls from a socioeconomic perspective. The discussion can then move on to handling practical conundrums such as pension pressure and medical resources exhaustion. Let’s not forget that longer life expectancy inevitably gives rise to growing aging demographics in many countries, which means higher demand for pension to authorities. Not to be left behind is the increasing stress on hospitals; particularly, it will exacerbate the already frayed medical system in some populous countries such as China and India.
From what has been discussed, it is my conclusion therefore, while longer life span contributes to personal life, its repercussion for state fund and medical system deserve equal consideration.
